But, to ensure fulfillment of contracts under these new circumstances, a vast number of possible scenarios, incorporating uncertain supply and demand, has to be simulated ahead of time. Our online platform, Wiley Online Library () is one of the world’s most extensive multidisciplinary collections of online resources, covering life, health, social and physical sciences, and humanities.To counter the volatile nature of renewable energy sources, gas networks take a vital role. With a growing open access offering, Wiley is committed to the widest possible dissemination of and access to the content we publish and supports all sustainable models of access. Wiley has partnerships with many of the world’s leading societies and publishes over 1,500 peer-reviewed journals and 1,500+ new books annually in print and online, as well as databases, major reference works and laboratory protocols in STMS subjects. Wiley has published the works of more than 450 Nobel laureates in all categories: Literature, Economics, Physiology or Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, and Peace. has been a valued source of information and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our core businesses produce scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, reference works, books, database services, and advertising professional books, subscription products, certification and training services and online applications and education content and services including integrated online teaching and learning resources for undergraduate and graduate students and lifelong learners. Wiley is a global provider of content and content-enabled workflow solutions in areas of scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly research professional development and education. Several alternative hypothese are proposed to explain the apparent selective transfer of C"3 carbon through Amazon fish foodchains. Phytoplankton, a minor C"3 producer, accounted for a minimum of 36.6% of fish carbon on average, and was the principal carbon source for the commercially important characiform detritivores. The C"3 plants, as a group, were the primary carbon source for 34 fish species, and accounted for an average of 82.4-97.5% of the carbon in all species. C"4 macrophytes, which contributed over half of the primary production on the floodplain, accounted on average for only 2.5-17.6% (minimum to maximum) of the carbon in fish. The average for all C"3 plants (phytoplankton, trees, C3 macrophytes, and Periphyton) was while the average for C"4 plants (mainly C"4 macrophytes) was Mean values for adult fish ranged from -37.0 to with an average of Fish and plant data were used in an isotope mixing model to estimate the relative contribution of different plant groups to fish carbon. values for plants ranged from -39.4 to with averages of -33.3, -28.8, -27.6, -26.2, and for phytoplankton, flooded forests trees, C"3 aquatic macrophytes, periphyton, and C"4 macrophytes, respectively. Adult fish, aquatic macrophytes, tree parts, periphyton, and phytoplankton were collected in lakes and other flooded environments along the central Amazon floodplain and analyzed for carbon stable isotope composition by mass spetroscopy. Stable isotope data for plants and 35 fish species were used to identify autotrophic carbon sources for the central Amazon fish community. A fundamental step in the investigation of fish production is to identify the plant groups that contribute energy to fish foodwebs. Effective management of the Amazon's commercial fish populations requires an understanding of the factors controlling their production.
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